Osteoarthritis (OA)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Gout

Ankylosing spondylitis

Overview

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that can affect the many tissues of the joint. It is the most common type of arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, in which the body’s immune system attacks its own healthy cells for an unknown reason, causing inflammation (painful swelling) in the affected parts of the body

Gout develops in some people who have high levels of uric acid from the breakdown of purines. The high uric acid form needle-like crystals that can lodge in joints, causing sudden, severe pain and swelling.

Ankylosing spondylitis is both an autoimmune type of arthritis and a chronic (long-term) inflammatory disease that affects the joints of the spine, especially the sacroiliac joints at the base of the spine.

Risk Factor

• Age
• History of Injury
• Obesity
• Overuse of the joint
• Women have a higher risk to develop OA than men.

• Weak muscle
• Genetic

• Genetic
• Women have a higher risk to develop RA as compared to men.
• Smoking
• Obesity

• Men are three times more likely than women to develop gout.
• Genetic
• Health conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or psoriasis
• Postmenopausal woman
• High purine diet

• Men are more likely to develop
• Family inheritance
• Common in young people under the age of 35

Sign and symptoms

• Pain or aching in a joint during activity, after long activity or at the end of the day.
• Joint stiffness usually occurs first thing in the morning or after resting.
• Clicking or popping sound when a joint bends.
• Swelling around a joint.
• Muscle weakness around the joint.

• Tender, warm, swollen joints
• Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity
• Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite

• Sudden, intense joint pain.
• Lingering discomfort.
• Inflammation and redness
• Limited range of motion
• Swelling

• lower back pain
• Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings
• Limited mobility of the spine
• Loss appetite, weight loss, fatigue

Commonly affected body part

hands, hips, and knees.

joints in the hands, wrists, and knees.

Fingers and toe (especially big toe)

the joint between the base of the spine and the pelvis

Health effect

- Obesity, more likely to develop high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

- Diabetes

- Heart Disease

- Fall

• cause joints to deform and shift out of place.
• affect different parts of the body including the eye, heart, skin, and lung which leads to myocarditis and pneumonitis.
• lead to weight gain and more likely to develop high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure.

• cause joints to deform and shift out of place.
• permanent joint damage

• Inflammation of the eye (uveitis)
• Compression fractures.
• Heart disease